This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other. One kind of energy, which can be directly used, is being consumed to produce other type of energy. The maintenance and repair costs of a thermal plant are much higher than for a hydroelectric plant. Ppt hydro power plants powerpoint presentation free to. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant. May 2012 introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants 01 june 2012. A thermal power plant in the brazilian system operates as a complement to the hydroelectric ones. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation. The following diagram shows an outline of a hydroelectric power station. Sep 26, 20 this is important if the electric power generated is to be utilised at or near the plant site. Hydropower equipment and generation stations nptel.
Hydroelectric power plant lecture dam hydroelectricity. Energy systems hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants classification specific speed expressed as 1254 source. Hydroelectric power plant definition, principle, usage. The firm has facilitated and commissioned two hydroelectric energy projects, with a capacity of 15,6 mw and 8,1 mw, via electric market license regulation. Hydraulic systems in hydro power plants may show oscillatory. Fundamentals of energy, fossil fuels, energy economics, thermal power plants, hydroelectric power, nuclear fusion reactors, solar thermal energy conversion, photovoltaic power generation, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, magnetohydrodynamic power generation. Classification of hydro plants, hydraulic turbines, hydro plant controls, problem solving week 6. Main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power plants. Albars consulting hydroelectric power plant turkey 2 our client is a corporation assigned by the energy market regulatory board emrb for the purpose of energy production. The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. Water turbines are classified into 2 typesimpulse type.
This course provides a simple understanding of the power plant engineering. Electricity from water is usually referred to as hydropower, where the term hydro is. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Introduction to power plants run of the river in some areas of the world, the flow rate and elevation drops of the water are consistent enough that hydroelectric plants can be built directly in the river. Cost of generation per kwh for hydro station and thermal station are in the ratio 1. The hydrothermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to. Site selection of hydroelectric power plant the electrical.
Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently. The following paragraphs contain a brief description of the main types of thermal power plants. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro. Hydro power plants, an overview of the current types and technology. Hydro power some facts and figures, continued big range in capacity and size power capacity 1 kwe to 14500 mwe hydraulic head hydroelectric powerplants are the most efficient means of producing electric energy. Complete revision of hmt, rac, ic engines, material science and power plant for gate page 23. Moharana, department of mechanical engineering, national institute of technology rourkela, rourkela.
Time needed to build and finish a hydroelectric plant is too long it may take 18 years. The turbine is located at the end of penstock from where the pressurized water strike the blades of turbine at high velocity making it to rotate. Basic mechanical engineering covers a wide range of topics and engineering concepts that are required to be learnt as in any undergraduate engineering course. One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower the power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower. Measurements in reallife power plants identify consequences of such possible interaction phenomena in. Anyone wishing to make further use of ed material, by itself and apart from this text, should seek necessary permission directly from the proprietors. Thermal power is the largest source of power in india. There several important components of the hydroelectric power plant which we will go over in this brief and informative article. Lec 01 introduction to power plant engineering youtube. Encyclopedia of physical science and technology third edition, academic press, new york, 2003, pages 489504. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of total electricity generation of the world. Generation of electricity by hydropower potential energy in stored water is one of the cleanest methods of producing electric power.
Power plant for gate and ese2021 topicmodern thermal power plant content of video. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. Net head at plant site 20 m overall efficiency of turbine 90 % plot flow and power duration curves and calculate the firm and secondary power available from this source if the maximum useable water is limited to 150 m3sec. Ash handling options for coalfired power plants power. Pdf hydro power plants, an overview of the current types. However, when the average level of the reservoirs drops too much, the thermal plants must be turned on, if there is a lack of new hydroelectric plants. With over 600 drawings, diagrams, and photographs, it offers engineers and technicians the information needed to keep powerplants operating smoothly into. Generation, transmission and distribution of electric power. First, the cost of the fuel needed to generate hydropower is miniscule because the process doesnt use any of the more common polluting fuels, such as oil, coal, or natural gas.
It is the technique of using dam water falling from a height to turn the turbines of a generator. Dec 22, 2014 r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y e d u c a t i o n l e s s o n 1 introduction to hydroelectric power p a r t t w o unit 3. The cost of generation of ener gy after four decades. If the reprint or republication includes ed material, the credit should also state. Solar thermal energy, direct energy conversion, wind energy, geothermal. Nothing is perfect, so its ordinary to meet some drawbacks of hydroelectric power plant like. A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. The efficiency of todays hydroelectric plant is about 90 percent. Banerjee, department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. It is however difficult to extract power from low flow rates.
The hydro thermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to explain this issue. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation is. A power station that is operating under heads less than. The book discusses instrumentation and control in modern fossil fuel power plants, with an emphasis on selecting the most appropriate systems subject to constraints.
Principal of hydro power plant the objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine termed the head, into electrical energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. General layout and profile of a highhead diversion canal development the main parts of a high. The conversion efficiency of a hydroelectric power plant depends mainly on the type of water turbine employed and can be as high as 95% for large installations. Estimating efficiency of thermal and hydroelectric power. It makes no sense to spill water while gas, which is fossil and imported, burns. In a thermal power station coal is burnt to produce steam which in turn, drives the steam turbine hence the generator turbo set. Flowing water is directed at a turbine which inside the generator spins a magnet inside coils of copper wire. Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities from rain, rivers, and. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity. The hydrothermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to explain this issue. Smaller plants with output powers less than 5 mw may have efficiencies between 80 and 85 %. Thermal plants needs a few hours for their startup. This was the basic working principle of a thermal power station and its typical components. Thermal power plants in these types of plants fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas andor oil are being used as raw material.
Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. When the ash storage pond at tennessee valley authoritys tvas kingston fossil plant in harriman, tenn. The results of the study indicate that mean technical efficiency of thermal power plant in 2010 and 2011 is higher than efficiency of hydroelectric power plants. Water stored in the dams is used for generation of electricity in the hydroelectric power plant. Hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro. Hydro power plant report, hydro power plant ppt download, hydro power plant pdf, hydro power plant, hydro power plant fundamentals, hydro power plant, hydro power. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant. Energy scenario and basic concepts steam power plant cycle fossil fuel. The site selected should have transportation facilities of rail and road. A coalfired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades. Moharana, department of mechanical engineering, national institute of technology rourkela, rourkela 769008 odisha india. Hydro power some facts and figures, continued big range in capacity and size power capacity 1 kwe to 14500 mwe hydraulic head pdf ppt program robotics robots rocket satellite ships. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to.
Factors affecting the location of dam of hydroelectric. Hydroelectric power is the most popular green energy source for several reasons. Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants initial cost of a hydroelectric plant is normally higher than that of a thermal plant producing almost the same amount of power. A hydro electric plant installed at the suitable location should be connected threw the rail and road facilities so that row material and heavy machinery can be transfer at the suitable location very easily it is also a important factor for selecting the suitably location for hydroelectric plant. Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. Electrical engineering department sanjay ghodawat polytechnic. New material covers various energy resources for power generation, nuclear plant systems, hydroelectric power stations, alternative and cogeneration energy plants, and environmental controls. Hydro electric power is cheaper as compared with a fuel burning plant. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propellerlike piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. There are different types of thermal power plants based on the fuel used to generate the steam such as coal, gas, and diesel. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Pdf power plant instrumentation and control handbook. Army, usa, technical manual tm 58116, electric power plant design.
About 65% of electricity consumed in india are generated by thermal power plants. It is intended to design a hydroelectric power plant using the following data. Divided into three parts, this book lays emphasis on explaining the logic and physics of critical problems to develop analytical skills in students. The engineering cost in addition to the constructional cost is also high in a hydroelectric power plant.
Ggf technical workshop on small hydro power financing hydropower arnsburgerstr. The dam or water reservoir is crucial part of the hydroelectric power plants. Book description basic mechanical engineering covers a wide range of topics and engineering concepts that are required to be learnt as in any undergraduate engineering course. Principles of nuclear energy, thermal fission reactors and power plants, fast breeder reactors, solar energy, solar thermal energy week 7. Distance from the load centre power plant should be set up near the load centre, this will reduce the cost of maintenance of transmission line. This article discusses factors determining the location of dams such as the amount of water available and more. The water passes through the plant without greatly changing the flow rate of the river. Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants hydroelectric plants put in operation in only a few minutes. Three main types of highhead power developments may be discerned. The turbine drives the alternator coupled with it and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. In simple words, falling water spins the water turbine. Dec 30, 2018 the constructional cost of a hydroelectric power plant maybe higher than that of other conventional thermal power plants because of construction of a huge dam across the flowing river. No transcript arrangement of a small hydropower plant. Thermal plant needs one month of maintenance each year.
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